Meta’s recent settlement with almost every US state – in which the company will pay between $17 billion and $18 billion over the next 10 years to settle claims its platforms are harmful to kids and teens – puts the ecosystem on notice: determine who among your audience is under 18 and design your engagement appropriately for them.
The settlement, approved by a federal judge in late August, requires Meta to use age assurance technology to distinguish under-13s, teens, and adults instead of relying on self-declared age at account creation. It’s a legal line drawn by the states and the court, not a decision Meta arrived at on its own.
Among several other changes, the settlement also requires Meta to limit the amount of time younger users are on platform and provide a non-personalized feed option. This both further fragments where users will spend their digital time and means they’ll see ads based on the content they are viewing, not their past behaviors.
Where teens were once swept into the same cohort as 18-34, brands will have to have separate strategies and tactics to engage them. And this shift comes at a time of generational change: Gen Alpha is here and they have a different set of beliefs, fandoms and experiences than the generations before.
A new age standard for platforms
The settlement is a step toward making platforms responsible for the experiences of young users, rather than placing that responsibility primarily on parents.
It requires that Meta verify its users’ ages with independent testing, rather than too-easy-to-bypass age gates. Meta will need to either use or build age-assurance technology that meets specific accuracy thresholds. Meta will also build an under-13 detection system to look for signals within the data the company already has (like friend networks and account activity). This change requires one of the biggest players to carve out teens as a unique audience in the US, even without a federal law requiring it.
It’s worth noting, however, that identifying under-13 users specifically remains legally complicated, since federal child-privacy law restricts which verification tools Meta can apply to that age group.
But, complexities aside, age assurance now must become infrastructure for Meta. That knowledge will be pushed up to brands, requiring brands to know how to modify their approach to teens. Meta’s age signal could also be pushed out to any publisher or developer using their Meta-based login or audience extension, making them responsible for adapting their experience for younger users too. Age enters the core layer of the transactions between the platforms and advertisers, and everyone in between.
Plus, the deal incentives states to get TikTok and Google to do the same. Prosecuting states have engineered a direct financial incentive to push YouTube and TikTok toward similar changes: Meta pays the bulk of its settlement regardless, but roughly $5.3 billion of its required payout is conditional on its rivals adopting comparable protections.
That provision turns Meta into a de facto standard to which its competitors will be measured. And it’s why the rest of the ecosystem is likely to follow suit quickly to avoid becoming the next target for regulators. But as each platform and service stand up their own age detection, the cacophony of signal may quickly overwhelm the content and ad systems the industry relies on today.
Safer inclusion instead of bans
The settlement also favors the implementation of an appropriateness-by-design approach to younger users rather than the total social media bans on for teens and kids that have been in vogue in Australia, France and the UK.
The safer inclusion of younger users is preferable to bans, with the latter incentivizing teens and kids to evade protections by creating fake accounts or otherwise circumventing them. The early data out of Australia suggests that 85% of teen users continue to find a way to use social media after the country implemented its ban.
What this means for brands
The Meta settlement also has implications for advertisers who recognize teenagers as a distinct digital audience, rather than being grouped together with younger adults.
Brands can no longer use adult advertising tools, targeting techniques and strategies to reach teens. Even without US federal laws protecting teen data privacy or safety, there will still be pressure on advertisers to have their teen-targeted experiences be appropriate.
For brands wondering what “appropriate” is supposed to look like, the settlement is a useful blueprint. Meta’s teen accounts are now private, and adults are blocked from contacting teens directly unless they’re already connected. Teens can only see non-algorithmic feeds, and autoplay video is disabled by default. Teen accounts also are limited by daily time caps, with restrictions during nighttime and school hours. They also have some platform features disabled, such as beauty filters and visible like counts. This checklist is a proxy for where regulators and advertisers alike will expect “age-appropriate” branded experiences to land next.
As regulations place greater limits on the use of personal data, understanding the context in which a teen uses social media becomes more essential. The question becomes less “Who is this individual?” and more “What is this young person choosing to engage with?”
Brands should also be preparing for greater fragmentation as the media ecosystem that teens interact with becomes increasingly complex. If teenagers are spending less time on some social platforms, that attention doesn’t just disappear; it moves elsewhere. Gaming, streaming TV, music, chat and other digital experiences could all benefit as teens shift their attention across channels.
The lesson from Meta is that brands need to think beyond where young people are today and start preparing for a digital environment in which age appropriateness, privacy and context are fundamental to how youth audiences are reached.
This isn’t simply a regulatory issue. It is a fundamental shift in the digital market. Brands that adapt early will be better placed to build meaningful, trusted relationships with the next generation.
“Data-Driven Thinking” is written by members of the media community and contains fresh ideas on the digital revolution in media.
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